Soothing Sore Throats: Causes, Remedies, and Prevention
BY JOANNE PETERS
This blog is an extract from ‘A Better You’ March 2025 edition.
We’ve all experienced that nagging sore throat—that scratchy, uncomfortable feeling that makes swallowing a challenge. Also known as pharyngitis, a sore throat can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, leading to dryness, itchiness, swelling, and pain. The key to relief? Early intervention and smart prevention strategies.
Common Causes of a Sore Throat
A sore throat can stem from various factors, including:
- Viral infections like the common cold or flu
- Bacterial infections such as strep throat
- Allergies that cause postnasal drip
- Irritants like smoke, pollution, or dry air
- Excessive talking or shouting, which strains the throat
- Acid reflux (GORD), which can cause throat irritation due to stomach acid backing up
- Dry indoor air, especially in winter, which can dry out and irritate the throat
Early Symptoms to Watch For
The first signs of a sore throat often include:
- Scratchiness or irritation
- Pain when swallowing
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- A mild fever (in some cases)
- A persistent cough or nasal congestion
How to Relieve a Sore Throat Quickly
1. Hydrate and Soothe
Drinking warm liquids like honey and lemon tea can provide immediate relief by coating and soothing the throat. Herbal teas, broths, and warm water with salt can also help reduce inflammation. Cold beverages or ice chips may also help numb the pain.
2. Try Lozenges and Throat Sprays
Medicated lozenges and throat sprays can help numb pain and fight off infection. Look for ingredients like menthol, honey, or antiseptics for added benefits. Your local IPA Pharmacist can provide advice and recommend products suited to your needs to ease your discomfort.
3. Gargle with Warm Salt Water
A simple yet effective remedy, gargling with warm salt water helps kill bacteria, reduce swelling, and alleviate discomfort. Do this 2–3 times a day for best results.
4. Use a Humidifier
Dry air can worsen throat irritation. Using a humidifier at home, especially during colder months, keeps your throat moist and prevents further irritation. Adding essential oils like eucalyptus or peppermint can provide additional soothing benefits.
5. Rest Your Voice
If excessive talking or shouting has caused your sore throat, give your vocal cords a break. Whispering can actually strain your throat more, so try to speak minimally until it improves.
6. Over-the-Counter Medications
Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can help ease throat pain and reduce inflammation. Throat sprays containing antiseptics and mild anaesthetics can also offer fast relief. Always consult with your pharmacist before taking medication, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
7. Honey and Natural Remedies
Honey is a powerful natural remedy for sore throats due to its antibacterial and soothing properties. Mixing honey with warm tea or simply taking a spoonful can help coat and calm an irritated throat. Ginger, turmeric, and chamomile tea are also great natural options.
When to See a Doctor
Most sore throats clear up on their own, but in some cases, medical attention is necessary. See a doctor if you experience:
- A sore throat lasting more than a week
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- High fever (above 38.3°C)
- White patches on the tonsils (possible sign of strep throat)
- Severe swelling in the neck or jaw
- A persistent cough that doesn’t improve
- Ear pain or hearing difficulties
Is It Viral or Bacterial?
Determining the cause of your sore throat can be tricky. Here’s how they differ:
- Viral infections: Often come with a runny nose, cough, and mild fever. Antibiotics won’t help.
- Bacterial infections: Usually cause more severe pain, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Strep throat is a common bacterial infection requiring antibiotics.
If your child has a persistent sore throat with high fever and swollen glands, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
Why Antibiotics Aren’t Always Necessary
Antibiotics only work against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Overuse can lead to antibiotic resistance, making infections harder to treat in the future. The World Health Organization reported that antibiotic resistance was linked to over 1.27 million deaths globally in 2019.
How to Prevent Sore Throats
To reduce your risk of getting a sore throat, follow these simple tips: ✅ Wash your hands regularly to prevent infections
- Stay hydrated to keep your throat moist
- Avoid smoking and air pollutants that irritate the throat
- Use a humidifier in dry environments
- Practise good oral hygiene to reduce bacterial buildup
- Avoid sharing utensils and drinks to minimise exposure to bacteria and viruses
- Boost your immune system with a healthy diet rich in vitamins C and D
- Wear a mask in high-risk environments to prevent exposure to airborne viruses
FAQ: Common Sore Throat Questions
What is the fastest way to get rid of a sore throat?
Drinking warm liquids, using lozenges, and gargling salt water can provide quick relief. Resting your voice and staying hydrated also help speed up recovery.
Can I still go to work with a sore throat?
If your sore throat is mild and not accompanied by fever, you may be fine to go to work. However, if you have symptoms of a viral or bacterial infection, staying home can help prevent spreading it to others.
Should I take antibiotics for a sore throat?
Only if prescribed by a doctor for a confirmed bacterial infection like strep throat. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections.
What foods should I avoid with a sore throat?
Spicy foods, acidic foods (like citrus and tomatoes), and very hot drinks can further irritate the throat. Stick to soothing, mild foods like soups, smoothies, and oatmeal.
Can allergies cause a sore throat?
Yes! Allergies can trigger postnasal drip, which irritates the throat. If your sore throat is seasonal and accompanied by sneezing, watery eyes, or an itchy nose, allergies might be the culprit.
How can my pharmacist help?
Your local IPA Pharmacist can provide expert advice and recommend over-the-counter treatments suited to your symptoms. Whether you need lozenges, throat sprays, or pain relief, your pharmacist can guide you toward the best option.
Final Thoughts
By acting early and using these home remedies, you can ease your discomfort and recover faster. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance.
Visit Your Local IPA Pharmacy for Expert Advice
Your local Independent Pharmacy of Australia is here to support you with personalised health solutions. Whether you need cold & flu remedies, expert advice, or throat care products, we’ve got you covered.
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